Which medication is commonly used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)?

Ondansetron (Zofran) is widely recognized as an effective medication for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This medication is a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that works by blocking the action of serotonin, a chemical in the body that can trigger nausea and vomiting. It is especially beneficial in the postoperative setting due to its rapid onset of action and relatively favorable side effect profile, making it a popular choice among anesthesiologists and postoperative care providers.

In the context of PONV, ondansetron is often preferred because it can be administered either intravenously or orally, allowing flexibility in the acute postoperative environment. Research has demonstrated that patients receiving ondansetron experience significantly lower rates of nausea and vomiting compared to those given placebo medication, making it a standard preventive measure in many surgical procedures, particularly those associated with a higher risk of nausea, such as gynecological or certain abdominal surgeries.

While other medications such as metoclopramide, dexamethasone, and promethazine can also be used for nausea relief, ondansetron stands out for its targeted action against serotonin-related nausea and has become a cornerstone in PONV prophylaxis. Combining it with other antiemetics might